Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. It originates from the skin, and often metastasizes to vital organs and other tissues. A characteristic of cancer cells is the presence of abnormal glycans, which are critical to the progression and development of the cancers, and impact all virulent pathways. Though the presence of abnormal glycans on cancer cells has already been determined, there is not adequate knowledge on their ability to affect tumor growth. FIU scientists have identified glycans involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. More specifically, ÃŸ-1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (GNCT2) and/or I-branched glycans are present on cancer cells in melanoma and have been identified to be involved in the spreading of cancers. Melanomas exhibit significant transcriptional changes in glycosylation-related genes. The GCNT2 is downregulated in metastatic melanomas compared to normal human skin cells. The FIU group has developed methods of using these glycans as biomarkers for diagnosing and assessing cancer progression. Additionally, studying the structure of GCNT2 will allow for the development of methods to prevent and treat cancer.

Benefit

Can regulate malignancy-associated pathways and alter melanoma signaling, growth, and survivalHelp stratify mid-stage melanoma patients into high risk or low risk categoryProvide additional pathological assessment to help guide treatment decisions